DUAL FUNCTIONALITY IN LATER LIFE

Abstract Longevity and quality of life are core interests in gerontology, but debate has ensued as scholars have sought to integrate the two. I propose the concept of dual functionality to examine how humans reach advanced ages while maintaining both physical and cognitive function. Using a large national sample, my colleagues and I operationalize dual functionality and identify life course factors that predict it. Analyses of 33,310 respondents 50 years or older from the Health and Retirement Study show an estimated median age of 74 for loss of dual functionality. Lifetime stress exposure leads to earlier loss of dual functionality, even after adjustment for socioeconomic status and lifestyle factors. Estimates of dual-function life expectancy, moreover, reveal greater racial-ethnic disparities than those for life expectancy per se. Dual functionality may be useful for assessing the quality of longevity across societies and social categories and for identifying exceptional longevity.

challenging. CarFreeMe™, originally developed in Australia, is a driving retirement intervention providing tailored psychoeducational telecoaching modules to PLWD and/or their care partners. Session topics include living with dementia, balancing independence and safety, adjusting to loss and change, exploring others' experiences with driving retirement, planning for alternative transportation, lifestyle planning, advocacy and support, and problem solving. Phase I enrolled 16 care partners and 11 PLWD. Mixed methods data from Phase I's 1-and 3-month follow-up surveys and post-intervention interviews demonstrated feasibility and acceptance of CarFreeMe™ with a U.S. audience. Phase I participants found the program valuable and would recommend it to others (96% care partners, 100% PLWD). Care partners and PLWD reported improved Readiness of Mobility Transition scores at the 3-month survey. Several felt the program may be most useful early in the decision making process. The program offered strategies and education that facilitated conversations both during and outside of the intervention sessions to support the PLWD's agency and acceptance of driving retirement. Participant feedback and lessons learned from Phase I informed Phase II development and deployment. Phase II is enrolling 50 care partners, PLWD, or dyads and includes 3-and 6-month follow-up surveys. Preliminary CarFreeMe™ Phase II utility, acceptance, and driving related outcomes will be discussed as well as next steps for evaluation.

Chair: Peter Lichtenberg
The Donald P. Kent Award lecture will feature an address by the 2021 Kent Award recipient Luigi Ferrucci, MD, PhD, FGSA, of the National Institute on Aging. The Kent Award is given annually to a member of The Gerontological Society of America who best exemplifies the highest standards of professional leadership in gerontology through teaching, service, and interpretation of gerontology to the larger society. The Robert W. Kleemeier Award lecture will feature an address by the 2021 Kleemeier Award recipient Kenneth F. Ferraro, PhD, FGSA, of Purdue University. The Kleemeier Award is given annually to a member of The Gerontological Society of America in recognition for outstanding research in the field of gerontology.

DUAL FUNCTIONALITY IN LATER LIFE Kenneth Ferraro, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
Longevity and quality of life are core interests in gerontology, but debate has ensued as scholars have sought to integrate the two. I propose the concept of dual functionality to examine how humans reach advanced ages while maintaining both physical and cognitive function. Using a large national sample, my colleagues and I operationalize dual functionality and identify life course factors that predict it. Analyses of 33,310 respondents 50 years or older from the Health and Retirement Study show an estimated median age of 74 for loss of dual functionality. Lifetime stress exposure leads to earlier loss of dual functionality, even after adjustment for socioeconomic status and lifestyle factors. Aging, 2022, Vol. 6, No. S1 Estimates of dual-function life expectancy, moreover, reveal greater racial-ethnic disparities than those for life expectancy per se. Dual functionality may be useful for assessing the quality of longevity across societies and social categories and for identifying exceptional longevity.

A JOURNEY FROM GERIATRIC MEDICINE TO GEROSCIENCE
Luigi Ferrucci, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States In 1984 LZ Rubenstein group demonstrated that geriatric assessment improved function and QoL in frail in frail, older patients. I heartly joined the international sparkle of enthusiasm generated by these results although later work did not match our expectations. Understanding the complexity of older person is an extraordinary tool for geriatricians, but coding the nuances of making the "best choice" in a randomized trial remains difficult. Frailty is difficult to reverse because it occurs when resilience is exhausted. Geroscience postulates that chronic diseases and frailty stem from the biological mechanism of aging and that interventions that slow down aging will successfully improve resilience. This approach have shown great potential but whether it will lead to prevention or improvement of frailty is unknown. While we continue to provide optimal care to frail older patients, we need to push forward the translation arm of geroscience both in area of prevention and care of older patients. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and depression are major public health concerns. However, few studies have examined the relationship between ACEs and mid-and latelife depression among racially/ethnically diverse groups. We explore this relationship among U.S. racially/ethnically diverse community-dwelling midlife and older adults (≥50 years of age). Guided by ACEs and Minority Stress Frameworks, we used general linear models to examine this relationship with data from Wave 3 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. We created an ACEs composite ranging from 0 to 7 (e.g., violence, health, poverty) and assessed the role of individual ACEs on depressive symptoms (CES-D). Final adjusted models (n:1424) included key demographic, health (e.g., chronic disease), social (living alone, social isolation, loneliness), and minority stress factors (e.g., limited access to healthcare and treatment, perceived discrimination).

ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG RACIALLY/ ETHNICALLY DIVERSE OLDER ADULTS IN THE US
Results indicated that higher composite score ACEs (particularly childhood violence and poor health) were positively associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. We found no interactions between race/ethnicity and ACEs. Our results suggest that ACEs contribute to the presence and severity of depressive symptoms into mid-and late-life adulthood. Consistent with Minority Stress Framework, common life-course stressors for minoritized groups may explain a lack of significant interactions in our models. Future research should explore the association of ACEs and other important health outcomes in diverse midlife and older adults. Finally, research is needed to examine if and how culturally appropriate depression interventions can be adapted to address the role of ACEs in later life health.

CHILDHOOD PHYSICAL ABUSE INCREASES THE RISK OF SUBJECTIVE MEMORY IMPAIRMENT
Lauren Roach 1 , Tyler Bell 2 , and Caitlin Pope 3 , 1. University of Kentucky,Holland,Michigan,United States,2. University of California,San Diego,La Jolla,California,United States,3. University of Kentucky,Lexington,Kentucky,United States Subjective memory impairment, defined as self-reported difficulties in recall and learning, doubles the risk of Alzheimer's Disease and related dementia, despite being weakly related to objective memory decline. Because of its strong stability over time, it may be possible that subjective memory impairment reflects earlier life risk factors for dementia such as adverse childhood experiences. It is reported that over a fifth of older adults worldwide experienced physical abuse during childhood. Previous cross-sectional studies suggest physical abuse is associated with later cognitive impairment. Still unclear, are the longitudinal associations between childhood abuse and subjective memory impairment in later life. Using a sample of adults drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (n = 19,185, Mage = 67.05, SD = 11.33) we assessed associations between reported physical abuse by a parent before the age of 18 and subjective memory impairment (current memory problems and perceived memory decline) over periods of up to 18 years. Generalized linear mixed models examined longitudinal associations between childhood physical abuse and subjective memory impairment while controlling for depressive symptoms and other empirically relevant covariates. Experiencing childhood physical abuse was associated with increased likelihood of reporting more current memory problems (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.04, 1.33) and perceived memory decline in later life (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.13, 1.43). Findings suggest childhood physical abuse is associated with subjective memory impairment, a strong predictor of dementia. Understanding early life conditions, including adverse childhood experiences may help explain associations between subjective memory impairment and dementia risk.